Distinguishing Learning Disabilities from Learning Problems

Learning disabilities should not be confused with learning problems, which are primarily the result of:

• Visual, hearing, or motor handicaps
• Intellectual disability
• Emotional disturbance
• Environmental, cultural, or economic disadvantages

However, learning disabilities may co-occur with various conditions such as:

• Intellectual disability
• Attentional, behavioural, and emotional disorders
• Sensory impairments
• Other medical conditions

Definition and Characteristics

Learning disabilities refer to disorders that affect the acquisition, organization, retention, understanding, or use of verbal or nonverbal information. These disorders impact individuals who otherwise demonstrate at least average abilities essential for thinking and reasoning.

Learning disabilities result from impairments in one or more processes, including but not limited to:

• Language processing
• Phonological processing
• Visuospatial processing
• Processing speed
• Memory and attention
• Executive functions (e.g., planning and decision-making)

Importance of Early Intervention

For best results, individuals with learning disabilities require:

• Early identification
• Timely specific assessments
• Targeted interventions involving home, school, community, and workplace settings